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Lipari, Italy
between 1931 and 1935
Black and white photograph
cardboard 19.7 x 25.8 cm, photograph 11.5 x 17.4 cm
The photograph shows Dr Ante Pavelic and members of the Ustashe movement in Italy; they are taking the oath on the island of Lipari. The file-card of the Ustashe movement contains printed headings that have not been filled in.
Mussolini had given sanctuary and material help to Croatian emigrants. Pavelic had organised and gathered some 500 emigrants and founded the emigrant organisation 'Ustasa - hrvatski oslobodilacki pokret' (Ustasha - the Croatian Liberation Movement). The members were mostly located on the Italian islands of Lipari, Stromboli, Giglio, and the towns of Bovigno, Brescia and Torino. At Verona a printing press of the 'Ustashe Headquarters' was situated, in which the Ustasa newspaper was printed. It was there that in 1932 the first organisational regulations were created, the Ustase - hrvatska revolucionarna organizacija UHRO.
F. Jelic-Butic, Prilog proucavanju djelovanja ustasa do 1941, pages 58 to 81;
F. Jelic-Butic, Ustase i Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska 1941-1945, pages 21 to 35;
H. Matkovic, Povijest Nezavisne Drzave Htrvatske, Zagreb, 1994, pages 27 to 31;
B. Krizman, Ante Pavelic i ustase, Zagreb, 1978, pages 83 to 279.
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